Friday, March 6, 2020
How to Conjugate French Regular -IR Verbs
How to Conjugate French Regular '-IR' Verbs There are five main kinds of verbs in French: regular -er, -ir, -re, stem-changing, and irregular. Once youve learned the rules of conjugation for each of the first three kinds of verbs, you should have no problem conjugating regular verbs in each of those categories. Regular -ir verbs are the second-largest category of French verbs. Indeed, these verbs are often referred to as second conjugation verbs. The verb form that ends in -ir is called the infinitive, and -ir is the infinitive ending. (In English, by contrast, the infinitive is the verb preceded by the word to.) The French verb with the infinitive ending removed is called the stem or radical. Conjugating Regular French -ir Verbs To conjugate regular -ir French verbs, its best to run through an example, step by step. Conjugate the French word choisir (to choose), for example, by following these steps: Remove the infinitive ending (-ir) to find the stem (also called the radical).Note that the stem- the verb without the -ir ending- is chois.Add the appropriate simple conjugation ending/s shown in the table in the next section. Note that the conjugation table below does not include the compound tenses, which consist of a form of the auxiliary verb and the past participle. Choisir normally requires the auxiliary verb avoir (to have) in compound tenses and moods. For example, Jai choisi would transelate as I have chosen. But, if you were to extend the sentence, you would delete the present perfect, as in: Jai choisi deux là ©gumes verts. I picked (chose) two green vegetables. Example Conjugations To conjugate an -ir verb in the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and then add the appropriate endings. For example, here are the present tense conjugations for the regular -ir verbs choisir, finir (to finish), and rà ©ussir (to succeed): Pronoun Ending choisir chois- finir fin- russir russ- Je -is choisis finis russis Tu -is choisis finis russis Il -it choisit finit russit Nous -issons choisissons finissons russissons Vous -issez choisissez finissez russissez Ils -issent choisissent finissent russissent Some Common French Regular -ir Verbs French regular -ir verbs, the second largest group of French verbs, share a conjugation pattern. Here are just a few of the most common regular - ir verbs: Abolir  to abolishAgir  to actAvertir  to warnBà ¢tir  to buildChoisir  to chooseà ©tablir  to establishà ©tourdir  to stun, deafen, make dizzyFinir  to finishGrossir  to gain weight, get fatGuà ©rir  to cure, heal, recoverMaigrir  to lose weight, get thinNourrir  to feed, nourishObà ©ir to obeyPunir  to punishRà ©flà ©chir  to reflect, thinkRemplir  to fillRà ©ussir  to succeedRougir  to blush, turn redVieillir   to grow old Exceptions: Irregular -ir Verbs Most of the French -ir verbs are regular verbs, which conform to the previously discussed rules for conjugation. Its important to keep in mind that there are a number of irregular -ir verbs in French. These verbs can be tricky, but there is some good news: Only about 50 irregular -ir verbs exist in French, and they have only 16 conjugations. To simplify things further, most of those fall into just three groups. The first group of irregular -ir verbs is essentially conjugated like the verb partir (to leave). This group includes such verbs as: Consentir to consentDà ©partir  to accordDormir to sleep Endormir  to put/send to sleep The second group consists of verbs that end in s of these verbs include: Couvrir  to cover Cueillir  to pick  Dà ©couvrir to discoverEntrouvrir  to half-open In the third group, verbs such as tenir (to hold) and venir (to come) and their derivatives follow a shared conjugation pattern in the present tense. Note, however, a major difference in the compound tenses: Venir and most of its derivatives use à ªtre as their auxiliary verb, while tenir and its derivatives use avoir. Wild Cards The remaining irregular -ir verbs dont follow a pattern. You just have to memorize the conjugations for each of the following verbs separately. Luckily, they are among the most frequently used French verbs, so memorizing their conjugations is completely worth the trouble. They include: Acquà ©rir to acquire  Asseoir to sitAvoir  to haveConquà ©rir to conquerCourir  to run
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